Analysis Of The Text Home Alone Together - 851 Words

1. Explain what †Living Apart Together† is, and give an outline of the different views presented in texts 2 and 3. Some couples are choosing to live apart while staying in a relationship and thus avoiding many of the complications seen in a regular relationship. However, while eliminating many problematic factors this way of living does not only cost more money. Having your own place to retreat to when things get heated might leave you worse off at problemsolving thus erase many opportunities to strengthen the relationship. Whether it seems smart to or not, fact is that this tendency has grown, so much that it is now increasingly used to classify relationships worldwide. So as a growing trend which questions our view on what a modern relationship is, is it only natural that there is many different opinions on the matter. In the text â€Å"Home Alone Together† by Jill Brooke the author tries to shed some light on this way of living. The reason is explained to be that the couples are committed to share their lives, but only to a certain degree (LL. 5-6). The article also explains the older crowd benefiting by this lifestyle because complicated inheritance difficulties are not so much of an issue. Living apart together is also seen an opportunity to give the relationship a second chance often after marriage and especially if there is children involved. Blended families might experience lots of problems when moving together and thus choosing to live apart together (LL. 25-26). AShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Alone Together By Michale Turrkle713 Words   |  3 Pages First draft Turkle’s piece entitled â€Å"Alone Together† attempts to understand the modern phenomena of a life filled with the advances of connectivity yet intrinsically we are adrift alone in a sea of advertised perfection. It’s this very perfection that she [Turkle] calls into question. Turkle opens with a story of taking her granddaughter to a Darwin exhibit where they were showcasing live Galapagos tortoises. Upon viewing the animalsRead MoreAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam Through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesshoes, until I met a man who had no feet.† How much more we suddenly know about the shoes and the feet, thinking of them together. This is the power of comparison and contrast. In this comparative-analysis essay, you need to describe, explore, and explain how different events, characters, or ideas in two literary texts are connected or related. You need to draw them together to show how they are similar and/or different. While â€Å"comparing† is widely accepted as including both similarities and differencesRead MoreAnalysis of Karen Russell954 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Karen Russell’s St. Lucy’s Home for girls Raised by Wolves St. Lucy’s Home for girls Raised by Wolves, Karen Russell’s collection of fantastical short stories take all that is mundane and fractures it into a fantastical world with humor, dramatic tone, or cultural/religious undertones. Russell whirls a reader into her stories with her capability to encase a reader in the story with her repetition of one’s senses. Constantly brining in the senses of a reader brought in the smells ofRead MoreAre We Becoming Technological Zombies?1548 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Facebook and the Primary Learning Task, â€Å"Facebook has become a compelling source of classroom distraction. It has been reported to be the most used multitasker distractor for university students in the classroom than other technologies such as text messaging, MSN, and emails† (Gupta 1165). In the same article, â€Å"Data from one study estimated that students multitask for approximately 42% of class time† (Gupta 1165). When the technology was introduced into the classroom, is when students were ableRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «1111 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Catherine and Heathcliff grow up together at Wuthering Heights, Catherine family home on the northern English moors. Heathcliff arrives as a gypsy founding. Catherine father Mr. Earnshaw raises him as a son. Catherine is a strong and wild beauty who shares Heathcliff wild nature Alone together on the moors Catherine and Heathcliff feel as if they are soul mates. But to Heathcliff despair outside forces begin to pull them a part. After falling in love with Catherine .She reject himRead MoreCommunication Technology Is An Intrinsic Part Of Our Lives1231 Words   |  5 Pagesperception. Communication technology holds a special place in both Sherry Turkle’s and Adam Gopnik’s essays. In Sherry Turkle’s essay â€Å"Alone Together†, she discusses what technology does to us rather than what it does for us. In her previous books she discusses what computer does to us and how people use computer to forge false identities for their own pleasure. In â€Å"Alone Together†, she talks about how technology has taken both of these stories to a new level. In the Adam Gopnik’s essay â€Å"Bumping into Mr.Read MoreDeveloping And Preaching The Sermon - Dr. Gennifer Brooks1367 Words   |  6 Pagescommitment and promise that we have read about today in Genesis 12:1-4. Body Exegesis Abram was a man of seventy five years when we received his call. The readers are introduced to the call of Abram who at that time was called by this name. The text comes after the story of creation in Genesis, and before the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra. The book of Genesis is said to belong to â€Å"many different traditions,† and therefore, is said to be a narrative. This book is a collection of oral and writtenRead MorePsychological Analysis of Peter Walsh – Mrs.Dalloway Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Analysis – Peter Walsh p. 154-158 Right before the beginning of this passage in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs.Dalloway on pages 154-158 we experience Peter returning home to his hotel room while day dreaming about his recent run in with Clarissa and about their long rocky past together. While on his walk to the hotel, he was a witness to the aftermath of Septimus’s suicide and as the sound of the ambulance sirens ring through his head (Woolf, 151). Peter does not know who is riding in theRead MoreJane Eyre And Signs And Symbols1570 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre and â€Å"Signs and Symbols† Comparative Analysis Essay Characters in literature oftentimes experience hardships in life. In Vladimir Nabokov’s short story, â€Å"Signs and Symbols,† an elderly couple encounters grievances concerning their deranged son, with whom they never find resolution. In contrast, in Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Jane Eyre, Edward Rochester endures life’s trials and tribulations and prospers in the end. Both stories depict characters who incessantly encounter life’s inauspicious

The Effects Of Violence On The Media - 1550 Words

The effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggressiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed children that had been diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder and to play violent video games and found no change in pattern when or even after these children played. This study measured activity in the frontal cortex of the brain by using two groups of five girls and fourteen boys while they made a task requiring focus. The frontal cortex has been related to problems having to do with self-control and attention. One of the groups was considered aggressive and also diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder and the second group had no history of any behavioral problems. Half of the children in each group had been opened to high levels of media violence; this included them watching and playing violent video games and television. The results of the experiment showed that all of the aggressive children had reduced activity in the frontal cortex of their brains. The non aggressive group of children that were exposed to high levels of media violence showed a low er amount of brainShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media944 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in the media started as early when Plato was around Complaints about violence in the media being harmful appear all through history. Even Plato was worried about the effects on children. The study of violence in the media reviews the amount of correlation between the themes of violence in our media sources with real-world damage and violence over time. A lot of this research has been deprived from the social learnin g theory concluded by Albert Bandura. The media effects thoughts in modernRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media2052 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the Media It has been a long day and you decide to sit down to relax while watching some television. You turn on the TV and begin flipping through channels. On one channel, you see some random news report on a tragic school shooting that occurred across the country. Changing to another, you might catch the last 30 minutes of a slasher, horror flick. The last channel you come across, before turning off the TV, features a popular television show where the main cast fights a new villainRead MoreEffects of Media Violence1973 Words   |  8 PagesThe potential relationship between media violence and actual aggression comes to the forefront of public discussion, but unfortunately this discussion rarely takes into account the science related to the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior. In particular, there is a widespread assumption that media violence directly causes aggression and aggressive behavior, and this assumption has become so common that even secondary scholarly discussions of the evidence have taken to relyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1782 Words   |  8 PagesU61976910 Introduction It has been said that violence in the real world becomes â€Å"much more acceptable after you ve seen infinitely greater violence on the screen (Maslin 1982). Seeking to test that hypothesis, researchers have sought to find how long it takes for individuals to become desensitized to violence in television. As intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all crime, researchers have sought to understand the causes behind the violence. Linz, Donnerstein, and Penrod operationalizedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On The Media Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has become one of the main sources where people obtain their information from. This information can be taken in knowingly, or through subliminal messages. The media like magazines, videos, commercials, television shows, and movies. Since, media has major influence over the public; violence being portrayed in the media is causing problems. Violence against women in the media has been happening for decades. The violence has been taking shape in many forms, as in emotional a nd physical violenceRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Media Violence In The Media754 Words   |  4 Pagesabout violence portrayed in the media, I noticed that many violent images in the media such as movies, videogames, and music have inspired people to commit large amounts of violent acts, such as committing assaults and murders. It is proven that children can he affected by the violence in media, when they are at a small age. When adults, some can be more aggressive than others, and some may commit more crimes than others. Over 1,000 case studies have proven that media violence can haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violence

Case study on Reed Hastings Netflix

Question: Analyse the following questions based on the case scenario. You need to present and evaluate the facts and explore the hidden leadership principles behind these facts. How did Hastings change his use of communications in sending and receiving messages from Pure Software to Netflix? How did Hastings change his use of feedback from Pure Software to Netflix? How did Hastings change his use of coaching guidelines from Pure Software to Netflix? Which conflict management style did Hastings tend to use at Pure and Netflix?In making a deal with Epix, which conflict management style was most likely used by Netflix? How would you improve Netflixs product offerings (i.e., what things cant you watch that you would like to w atch) or processes (i.e., how can it improve its delivery or service)? Which level or levels of analysis and leadership paradigm are presented in this case, and did Hastings use the management or leadership paradigm? How did Hastings Big Five model of personality leadership t raits change from Pure Software to Netflix? Which University of Iowa leadership styles did Hastings use at Pure Software and Netflix? 6. Explain how power, organizational politics, networking, and negotiation are, or are not, discussed in the case. Answer: Conflict management style Adler (2001) says that hasting change his use of the communication in sending and receiving the messages by transforming the systems that was prevailing in the Netflix by building the company to the hard driving and the risk culture and also is the fact that hasting never make the look to the stop of his shoulders hat and was one step ahead of the competition. He made the communication in the autocratic style where he, being the CEO of the company was making the guidance and was making aware to the people that have the best way to obey the command of the leaders where these the very leaders will give the best and will tell them what and how the things and the processes of the company are to be carried out and in what manner. The chief aim of the Hastings is to communicate and change the methodology of sending and receiving the messages in the autocratic style and the Netflix was not afraid of the changing the business model by cannibalizing the very own customers. He made the communi cation with the employees and also makes them embarrassed and the communication style of the Hasting is purely based on the autocratic way where he was making the direction and tells the people how and in what way the task is to be carried out. Improvement Agrawal (2014) says that Hastings change his feedback in the way that hasting was ahead of the technology and he also made the anticipation that when the customers will eventually gets the move then they will be instantly delivered via internet. Hastings made the team movement and the team also made the compromise of the technology. They the experts of the technology in his team made the branded box with the hard drive. This branded box was connected to the movie queue. In this way the hasting made the various sources and all the technology experts to get the feedback from these things. When Hastings watches the YouTube then he decided to end and get the kill of the hard drives because he prefers the YouTube in the better manner and the way. It was hasting who got the feedback by producing the branded hardwares. The method and the approach that was followed by the Hasting were based on the way the technology experts and other different sources were giving. In all the way hasting was aware that when the technology is properly utilized when it will be giving them the opportunity in the company that will make the raise of the technology and the stock analysis will meet the demand. He also embedded the softwares and in the present time these the very softwares are known as the apps.ge got all the feedback from the internet sources and these the very sources will give the better hint to the company. The internet becomes the tool of the importance to the hasting and thus he completely relied on the internet. From these facts it is clear that he relied and got feedback from these the very sources. Analysis Alon (2005) says that Hastings change of the coaching guide involves his leadership style and his leadership style is purely based on the various sources and thus they are giving best. Hasting is a hard headed man and thus his autocratic style of making the command and the directions to the employee that has even sometimes not be in the favor of the employees has then to push up the company. The coaching guide of his is to make the autocratic way. The criticism is purely involved to know the various ways that Hasting was never taking the criticism and it was in the favor of no criticism rules and the policies. In this way, the criticism was never made and in no ways, it was tolerated. Hasting use the coaching guide of making the commands in the different directions where the criticism and other such like factors were never playing the role and thus the hasting was not in the favor of the various known facts. Leadership styles Armenio (2012) says that the conflicting management style that he tends to make for the Netflix and the software is that had never made the comments on the employees in any of the ways and thus in all the way he has made no remarks and whatever remarks and the style that he has will be made in the no responding way. The methodology that was being adopted was seen as the no responses on his part. Hasting never made any kind of the Reponses.Bennett (2014) says that in making a deal with the epic the conflicting management style that was adopted was that of the three studio joint venture that make the movie relatively from paramount lions gate and thus they will make it through these ways. This joint studio venture was involves in the way that it gave the conflicting style management shaped.The way by which the Netflix product offerings can be made improved is that by making the remaining of the DVD twister and there can also be and the separate subsidiary systems. It can remain and make the improvement by pushing its members to stop using the expensive mail.The analysis is done and the leadership paradigm is the involvement of the autocratic style. The autocratic style that leads to the leadership paradigm was that of the telling to the employees what to do and what not to do. (Bingham, 2000) Big five personality traits Bird (2013) says that Hastings big five model of the personality changes with the autocratic style that was involved and was given the directions as afore mentioned. The big five model of the personality traits means that there is the model that links with the personality of the individuals who may be working in the group like that of the company etc. The big five model of personality change is Openness to the experience that is accountable for what are the changes that is desired. There are various changes that are desired for example hasting wants the employee to work in the different manner as they used to work with the positive emotions and such like. The openness was considered importantly. Another deal is conscientiousness which means that Hastings believes in the self dependency and the self discipline. There is the necessity of the self dependency that means that when the employees in the Netflix are self dependent then there can be made more kind of the technologies implement. Extraversion means the positive emotions followed with the sociability and the talkativeness. There are the positive emotions which Hastings believes in the company and its employee has to follow the sociability. The major factor that runs is this extraversion. This will give the profit to the company and thus there will be mire beneficiaries that relates to the growth with the autocratic style. Agreeableness is another trait where the one is ready to make it with the agreement of the people. There is always believes the hasting agreeability with the people where the persons or the employee will share the experience of the company working procedures and thus they will give the agreeableness in all the way of the process. Neuroticism means that anger and the anxiety. The degree of the emotional stability is calculated to understand the emotional break out. There is always negativity inside the human beings. Hastings believes that when there is the anger and the anxiety like factors then there must not be presence of these factors as they will merely hindrance creator in the life of the employees and that of the company. Hastings leadership styles Boyd (2012) says that the University of lowa leadership is that of the autocratic style that was dealing not in the democratic or the other forms of the way but with the known sources. He has the autocratic style and knows that he also embedded the softwares and in the present time these the very softwares are known as the apps.ge got all the feedback from the internet sources and these the very sources will give the better hint to the company. The internet becomes the tool of the importance to the hasting and thus he completely relied on the internet. From these facts it is clear that he relied and got feedback from these the very sources. Discussion of power, organization politics, networking and negotiation Brownell (2006) says that the power, organizational politics, networking and the negotiations was linked in the way the hasting gave the proper guidances and the directions in the autocratic style. The autocratic style that as present means that the hasting was firmly determined who was all hard headed and never make a move to the long lasting solution which was to say no to anything. When he was associated with the pure software, he worked in the different style prior to become the CEO of the Netflix. In this way, the power and the organizational politics was linked to the way he used up the sources. The negotiation was dealing in the different manner where the employees were asked to obey with the directions as given by the Hastings. Power: It is the matter of the exercising of the authority as Hasting did in the company. Hastingss power is used in the manner that gives the betterment of the company and the power was exercised to make the employee aware of the known facts of the organization. Organization politics: The organizational politics is the politics that runs in the organization and Hasting made the organizational politics in the autocratic way that makes the run of the organization. Networking: Networking refers to the interconnection and in the Netflix Company, the networking is very important and runs with the company and the employees as he desired. Negotiation: Negotiation is the process where the organization will run the systems in the company with the help of the fairness and thus they will negotiate. This will help to increase the efficiency. References Adler, N. J. (2001). Global leadership: Women leaders. In M. Mendenhall, T. Kuhlmann, G. Stahl.Developing global business leaders: Policies, processes, and innovations(73-97).Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Adler, N. (2014). Global wisdom and the audacity of hope: Designing global networks in a world of complexity. In J. S. Osland, M. Li Y. Wang (eds.)Advances in Global Leadership(vol. 8). Bingley, UK: Emerald. Agrawal, A., Rook, C. (2014). Global Leaders in East and West: Do All Global Leaders Lead in the Same Way? In J. S. Osland, M. Li Y. Wang (Eds.),Advances in Global Leadership(Vol. 8). Bingley, UK: Emerald. Alon, I., Higgins, J.M. (2005). Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligences.Business Horizons,48(6), 501-512. Anand, N., Barsoux, J. L. (2014). The quest for global leadership development. InQuest: Leading Global Transformations(pp. 75-102). Switzerland: IMD. Armenio, R., Stewart, C., Miguel, P. E. C. (2012). The Positive Power of Character Strengths and Virtues for Global Leaders. Bartlett, C. A., Ghoshal, S. (1992). What is a Global Manager?Harvard Business Review,70(5), 124-132. Beechler, S., Javidan, M. (2007). Leading with a global mindset. In M. Javidan, R.Steers, (Eds.),Advances in International Management: Special Issue on Global Mindset(131-169). Bennett, J. (2014). Cultural Marginality: Identity Issues in Global Leadership Training. In J. S. Osland, M. Li Y. Wang (Eds.),Advances in Global Leadership(Vol. 8). Bingley, UK: Emerald.Bingley, UK: Emerald. Bikson, T., Treverton, G., Moini, J., Lindstrom, G. (2003).New Challenges for International Leadership: Lessons from Organizations with Global Missions. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Bingham,C., Felin, T., Black, J. S. (2000). An interview with John Pepper: What it takes to be a global leader.Human Resource Management, 39(2,3), 287. Bird, A., Osland, J. (2004). Global competencies: An introduction. In H. Lane, M. Maznevski, M. Mendenhall, J. McNett (Eds.),Handbook of global management(57-80). Bird, A., Mendenhall, M., Stevens, M., Oddou, G. (2010). Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(8), 810 828. Bird, A. (2013). Mapping the content domain of global leadership competencies. In Mendenhall, M.E., Osland, J. S., Bird, A., Oddou, G., Maznevski, M., Stahl, G. Stevens, M. (Eds.), Global leadership: Research, practice and development (2nd ed., pp. 80-96). London: Routledge. Bird, A. Stevens, M. (2013). Assessing global leadership competencies. In Mendenhall, M.E., Osland, J. S., Bird, A., Oddou, G., Maznevski, M., Stahl, G. Stevens, M. (Eds.), Global leadership: Research, practice and development (2nd ed., pp. 113-140). London: Routledge.

Total Quality Managemnet Essay Example

Total Quality Managemnet Essay This form is to be completed by each group for assignment 2 It is important that you discuss this as a group so that it is relevant, reflect effort, contribution in meeting assignment work and time schedule. This must be filled and attached to your work for submission. This is incorporated to our work to establish accountability and highlight the necessity and importance of the individual in a team environment. Please exercise caution and fairness in your completion of this requirement. The percentage you allocate per peer will then be used to calculate the mark per individual in your group. Individual’s Name| % of contribution| Date/ Signature amp; Remarks| Clay Blair| 95%| Clay E. Blair 5/21/2012| Taufusi Taitai| 0%| Never present| Kuata Teoni| 0%| Never present| Samuela Tagicakbau| 90%| Samuela Tagicakibau 1/6/2012| Group Name| Demi Tasse| Each individual must sign to his/ her name in the table above or, one from the group can do so on your colleague’s behalf This form must be correctly filled and attached to your soft copy Introduction Omni Bedford Springs Resort Business Brief http://www. tripadvisor. com/Hotel_Review-g52178-d647574-Reviews-Omni_Bedford_Springs_Resort-Bedford_The_Alleghenies_Pennsylvania. html The Omni Bedford Springs Resort is located at 2138 Business Route 220 Bedford, Pennsylvania United States. The resorts main accommodations include, resort lodging, dining, spa treatments, events and golfing. We will write a custom essay sample on Total Quality Managemnet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Total Quality Managemnet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Total Quality Managemnet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to www. TripAdvisor. com , The Omni Bedford Spring Resorts holds a star rating of four out of five. As well as rated the best hotel in the Bedford Pennsylvania area. Although the resort is a privately owned estate, the Omni franchise runs the operation of the resort through a management contract. The Omni Bedford Springs has collected well over 500 reviews alone from www. TripAdvisor. com . With 302 of those reviews rating them as excellent and among these reviews several guest commented they enjoyed the fine dining, the quiet area, the beautiful scenery and the well maintained historic aspects of the resort. But not all guests have felt this way as 23 guest rated the hotel as poor and 10 listing the resort as terrible. These guests commented that their information for rooms, discounts and services had been misplaced or lost, the noise from events such as weddings and miscommunications between departments for package deals. Organizational Chart Assignment Tasks 1. After looking through the vast amount of data from the Omni Bedford Springs, our group compiled a list of products that the resort offers its guest. They are Hotel Rooms (Fg 1. ), Golf, Restaurant/ In Room Dinning/ Meal Service (Fg 2. , Spa Services (Fg 3. ), Swimming Pool (Fg 4. ), Hotel Merchindice (Fg. 5), Wedding/ Meeting/ Function Services (Fg. 6), Gym Service (Fg. 7) and Golf (Fg. 8). Product Chart Fg. 1 Fg. 8 Fg. 5 Fg. 3 Fg. 2 Fg. 7 Fg. 6 Fg. 4 FUNCTION OF DEPARMENTS MARKETING This is a very big department which is allocated with various jobs that requires the promoting and marketing of the resorts products and services. The main product of this department is the resort itself whereby the tourists and travelers will only be attracted to the resort depending on how it is being marketed and. n order to maintain this they have to beautify and modern technology so that tourist will enjoy and also be satisfied with the resorts information that has provided on webs, magazines, etc. ACCOUNTS This department holds a very important role in which it is involved in the monetary and finances of the resorts. It provides services whereby it allocates the budget, pay roll for the employersemployees, prepares general ledger, financial reporting, yearend audit preparation and the support of budget and forecast activities. (Dealer Finance Manager, 2008) HUMAN RESOURCES It acts almost as the blood for the Omni Bedford Springs Resort. Human resources professionals typically work as generalists or specialists. Generalists are responsible for all aspects of the HR function for their organizations. Typically, generalists are employed as directors or managers for large or small companies. Big companies often have a group of HR specialists who report to a director or manager. (White, 1999-2012) EVENTS This department makes a lot of Special events and organizes all aspects of an event, it is an important element of public relations, marketing and in some cases, inner-company social events. These events create company visibility in the community, introduce potential customers to the company and create awareness of goods and services. Events within the company enable employees to socialize and build relationships outside of the pressure of work hours and responsibilities. (Stringer, 1999-2012) OPERATIONS The operations department of a company, often called the corporate department or group, is a collection of business support functions: human resources, information technology, finance and accounting, legal and procurement. Though this department does not generate revenue, the tasks that operations performs are required for business to be conducted. (Henderson, 1999-2012) Job description In creating a clear understanding it is important to understand the roles of the Hospitality management and the front line workers we should first look into each department’s role and the description of these roles. Although department is different, it is important that every area or a hotel be fully functioning and ready. The same can be said about management and the front line worker. Without proper management, time is wasted and more mistakes can take place. But without the frontline worker, the industry has few people and a great many things to accomplish, as well as the front line worker often acts as the face of the organization to the guest Position| MARKETING DIRECTOR| Reports to:| General Manager| Responsible for| marketing staff| Possible inside relations| accounts department function coordinators | Functions| It is generally in charge with the duty of getting more guest and business to the resort. They often manage different projects and plans by the employees under them. | Responsibilitiesamp; Roles| * Responsible for promoting the resort to overseas market. Discover possible development for the resort * Implementing actions to the marketing scheme of resorts. * To keep up a affirmative manner that encourages joint effort within the resort and a positive figure of the resort. * the sharing out staff and share of work load that is desirable to meet market requirements. * Coordinates and assisting departments which involves develo ping in annual marketing plans. * Reviews marketing activities with all applicable management. | Position| PROMOTIONS| Reports to| Marketing Director/General Manager| Responsible for| sales secretary| Possible inside relations| sales executivemarketing manageraccounts department| Functions| They operate as an overall sales person for the resort. They carry out task usually in two ways, by either linking with new customers by contacting them about the resort or the seconded way is to make functions and opportunities for new customers and guest who want to visit the resort by themselves. So in a sense the Promotions work at and away from the resort when needed. | Responsibilities amp; Roles| * Promotes the sales, products and services of the resorts that will benefit the customers. Increase profits of the hotel through creative and selective selling. * Perform job functions with attention to detail, speed and accuracy. * Be a pure thinker, remaining cool in solving problems using good judgment. * Plan and implement profitable and productive sales trips into allocated territory to improve and increase the penetration of that resort. | Position| ACCOUNTING DIRECTOR| Reports to| Genera l Manager| Responsible for| accountant’s staff| Possible inside relations| sales department marketing department Front office Food amp; Beverage. Function| Is in charge departments which links to the monetary reporting. It is also in charge for increasing and ensuring office values, engages actions to make sure correct and suitable monetary statements. It manages accountants staff which is also liable to the supervision of staff that guarantee employment is correctly distributed and finished in a sensible and perfect behavior. It has stiff objectives and a massive amount of office activities together with the preparation of the ledger, monetary information, preparation of the yearend review and the maintaining of the financial statement. Responsibilities amp; Roles | * acquire and sustain a detailed perceptive of the monetary reports and arranging of the ledger accounts. * guarantee a precise and suitable monitoring of the years expenses. * support the person in charge of the day by day monetary necessities. * guarantee the correct and appropriate processing of positive pay transactions. * make sure that the period of the business agreement actions are done in a good and well manned way. | Position| ACCOUNTANT| Reports to| General Manager/Accounting director| Responsible for| auditors| Possible inside relations| Management staff Food amp; Beverage staffMarketing staff | Function| It managers purchases, claims payment or paychecks. Without the front line workers like Accountants, the numbers, checks and bills would just pile up and the operation would cease to be. | Responsibility amp; Roles| * Prepare profit and loss statements and monthly closing and cost accounting reports. * Compile and analyze financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, and document business transactions. Establish, maintain, and coordinate the implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures. * Analyze and review budgets and expenditures for local, state, federal, and private funding, contracts, and grants. (Duties and responsibilities of accountant? , 2012)| Position| DIRECTOR OF HUMAN RESOURCE| Reports to| General Manager | Responsible for| Internal/external staff| Possible inside relations| Management staffFood and BeverageMarketing s taffFront office staff | Function| The Director of Human Resources (HR) is the Lead Manager of the department. As according to Cite HR (2011), â€Å"contains the role of serving as the key member in advising business leadership for HR process for associates. † As well as the Director of HR works as a final mediator and the decision maker when it comes to employee conflicts, training and organization development| Responsibility and Roles| * Recruiting * Hiring * Training * Organization Development * Communication * Performance Management * Coaching * Policy Recommendation * Salary and Benefits * Team Building * Employee Relations Leadership. What Does a Human Resources Manager, Generalist, or Director Do? , 2012)| Position| EMPLOYEE ACQUISITIONS| Reports to| General Manager/Director of Human Resources | Responsible for| employees | Possible inside relations| Management staffFood amp; Beverage staffMarketing staffFront office staff| Function| The Employee Acquisitions is responsible for branching out and searching for new employees. As the department of Human Resources will actually head hunt certain candidates they feel will feel the hole in the Omni Resort. Without this position the Omni Bedford Resort may fail to find the best employees. | Responsibility and Roles | * guarantee that resorts profit levels are sufficient and relied to mangers recommendations. * helps section chiefs to raise sales in the short term and long term. * helps the resort raise revenues in a province or country. * helps the resort attain new clients in the short term and long term. * frequently travels to meet with domestic and international clients. | Position| EVENTS DIRECTOR| Reports to| General Manager| Responsible for| Events staff| Possible inside relations| Marketing staffAccounting staffFood amp; beverage staff| Function| It is crucial in the high job pressure of events as leading the employees under them to completing responsibilities. Their duty and role is to, â€Å"organize first air, security or any extra staff, plan layouts, organize staff and meet the expectations of the guest event† (Simply Marketing Jobs, 2010). Their roles as well as cater to the set up and tear down of an event. Responsibility and Roles | * schedules and training, arranging requirements for guest events, delegating tasks, and meeting with * responsible to meet with the group holding the event to understand what kinds of amenities need to be in place for the event to be successful. * should organize those on the event staff by assigning them certainresponsibilities to perform during the time leading up to the day of the event as well as during the event. * Following up after an event could include something as informal as a handshake or something as official as a sit-down meeting to evaluate how well the needs of the event were met. Event Manager Job Description, 1999-2012)| Position| EVENTS PLANNER| Reports to| General Manager/ Events Director| Responsible for| Events Staff| Possible inside relations| Marketing staffAccounting staffFood amp; Beverage staff| Function| It is about details, vision, organization and the means to pull off both big and small events without a hitch. Event planners can work on a freelance basis or for an event planning company, which is popular in wedding planning. In addition, many nonprofit organizations and for-profit corporations hire event planners as part of their staffs. Remenyi, 1999-2012)| Responsibilities and Roles| * Obtain permits from fire and health departments to erect displays and exhibits and serve food at events. * Promote conference, convention and trades show services by performing tasks such as me eting with professional and trade associations, and producing brochures and other publications. * Develop event topics and choose featured speakers. * Consult with customers in order to determine objectives and requirements for events such as meetings, conferences, and conventions. Monitor event activities in order to ensure compliance with applicable regulations and laws, satisfaction of participants, and resolution of any problems that arise. * Confer with staff at a chosen event site in order to coordinate details. | Position| OPERATION DIRECTOR| Reports to| General Manager| Responsible for| Financial management| Possible inside relations| Marketing staffAccounting staffFood amp; Beverage staff| Function| The Director of Operations ensures that the aspects of the kitchen, restraint and hotel are all running smoothly day from day. Truly a manager that wears many hats and has to preform many duties. As according to, Redd, Lyons, Wright, Garneau, amp; Allen (2003), â€Å"Most of their time may be spent reviewing and evaluating business procedures ranging from office expenses to real estate assets. Accordingly, directors of operations may be responsible for overseeing the work of other upper-level management executives. † Although they know most every aspect of all the departments, they ensure and look establishing flow within their areas of operations. | Responsibilities and Roles| * overseeing departmental budgets. makes decisions on whether to increase or decrease spending in order to maintain profitability. * They are the guidelines to be followed when conducting business operations. * is responsible for establishing policies and procedures and making sure they are adhered to. * make sure that tasks are completed in a timely manner. * overseas production schedules and, depending on the size of the orga nization, employee schedules. (Miller, 1999-2012)| Position| HOUSEMAN| Reports to| General Manager/Operation Director/ Housekeeping Supervisor/Duty Manager| Possible inside relations| In house staff| Function| The Housemen act as a middle man in all actions between Director of Housekeeping, Floor Managers, Room Attendants and Guest. Often Housemen are tasked with providing clean lien, towels, sheets and other supplies to the Room Attendants. The Housemen as well as perform tasks in maintaining the halls of the hotel given to them by either the Director of Housekeeping or the Head Housemen. The delivery of requests such as extra pillows or roll always to the guest rooms before the guest arrival. Responsibilities and Roles| †¢ Clean and maintain common areas within the hotel†¢ Shovel snow in walkways and emergency exits†¢ Hot tub maintenance†¢ Minor maintenance issues†¢ Assist with bellman duties†¢ Ensure housemen room is kept clean, tidy and organized at all times†¢ Assist housekeeping staff with laundry removal and unit cleaning†¢ Clean and maintain lobby, entrance doors and bell trolleys includingsnow removal†¢ General Office errandsà ¢â‚¬ ¢ Assist guests with general questions and enquiries†¢ Assist Front Desk during periods. (Job Description for: Hotels Housemen (Seasonal))| INFORMATION SYSTEM Recommended Information System| Restaurant amp; Bar| Imonggo| About Imonggo| Imonggo is not just a POS system, but a complete web-based retail management solution that enables you to operate and manage hundreds of retail stores. (Discover the Pos revolution with Imonggo, 2009)| Function of Imonggo| Imonggo combines point of sale, inventory management, sales analysis, customer relationship management and business intelligence functions into an easy and intuitive user interface (Discover the Pos revolution with Imonggo, 2009)| Front of office amp; Reservations| NightsBridge| About NightsBridge | NightsBridge is a service that enables you as a guest house, Bamp;B, or independent hotel to take real-time, online bookings through any websites you choose. We provide youre up-to-the-second room availability to potential guests through your own website or the accommodation sites NightsBridge partners with. Guests can check availability, book and pay online in one go. (About us, 2010)| Function of NightsBridge| The NightsBridge system will pull availability directly out of your own booking software once the two systems are connected. Youll only have to keep one calendar up to date, so you can be sure the availability youre displaying online is always correct. [ (Connect to your Existing Reservation System, 2012) ]Since your reservation staff continue to use their own front-office system for managing bookings there is little training required. The NightsBridge system runs in the background sending availability up to web sites and putting new bookings directly into your own system. [ (Connect to your Existing Reservation System, 2012) ]| It helps the resort allocate which product is being sold most and provides fast service while serving the customer. Bibliography About us. (2010). Retrieved june 2012, 2012, from nightsbridge: http://www. nightsbridge. co. za/about. jsp Connect to your Existing Reservation System. (2012). Retrieved june 1, 2012, from nightsbridge: http://www. nightsbridge. co. za/products_existing_pms. jsp Discover the Pos revolution with Imonggo. (2009). Retrieved june 1, 2012, from imonggo: http://www. imonggo. com/ Duties and responsibilities of accountant? (2012). Retrieved june 1, 2012, from Answers: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Duties_and_responsibilities_of_accountant Event Manager Job Description. (1999-2012). Retrieved june 2012, 2012, from eHow: http://www. ehow. om/about_6123442_event-manager-job-description. html Job Description for: Hotels Housemen (Seasonal). (n. d. ). Retrieved june 1, 2012, from owh: http://www. owh. com. au/downloads/jd/winter/BW_Housemen. pdf? amp;lang=en_usamp;output=jsonamp;session-id=86808a2167c24aa47c0b92cedbfcea99 Miller, J. (1999-2012). Roles and Responsibilities for Managing Operations. Retrieved june 1, 2012, from eHow: http://www. ehow. com/list_7692042_roles-responsibilities-managing-operations. html Remenyi, R. (1999-2012). Event Planner Job Description. Retrieved june 1, 2012, from eHow: http://www. ehow. com/about_5396968_event-planner-job-description. tml What Does a Human Resources Manager, Generalist, or Director Do? (2012). Retrieved june 1, 2012, from about: http://humanresources. about. com/od/jobdescriptions/f/hr_job_mgr. htm Citations Allen, L. ,Garneau, E. Lyons, J. , Redd, S amp; Wright, S. (2003). Director of operations: Job description and requirements for becoming a director of operations. http://educationportal. com/articles/Director_of_Operations_Job_Description_and_Requirements_for_Becoming_a_Director_of_Operations. html Blair, C. (2011) Personal Interview Cite HR (2011). http://www. citehr. com/16321-job-description-hr-manager. html

Free Essays on Aids In Sfrica

AIDS in Africa As recently as 1990, there were some regions of the world that had remained relatively unscathed by AIDS. Today, however, there is not a single country around the world which has wholly escaped the AIDS epidemic. As the epidemic has matured, some of the developed nations which were hard hit by the epidemic in the 1980s such as the United States have reported a slowing in the rate of new infections and a stabilization among existing cases with lower mortality rates and an extension of post-diagnosis lifespan. However, despite the changing face of the global AIDS pandemic, one factor remains unchanged: no region of the world bears a higher AIDS-related burden than sub-Saharan Africa. This paper examines the demographic effects of AIDS in Africa, focusing on the hardest-hit countries of sub-Saharan Africa and considers the present and future impact of the AIDS epidemic on major demographic measures such as fertility, mortality, life expectancy, gender, age, and family structure. Althoug h the sub-Saharan region accounts for just 10% of the world’s population, 67% (22.5 million) of the 33.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 1998 were residents of one of the 34 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and of all AIDS deaths since the epidemic started, 83% have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (Gilks, 1999, p. 180). Among children under age 15 living with HIV/AIDS, 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa as do 95% of all AIDS orphans. In several of the 34 sub-Saharan nations, 1 out of every 4 adults is HIV-positive (UNAIDS, 1998, p. 1). Taxing low-income countries with health care systems inadequate to handle the burden of non-AIDS related illnesses, AIDS has devastated many of the sub-Saharan African economies. The impact of AIDS on the region is such that it is now affecting demographics - changing mortality and fertility rates, reducing lifespan, and ultimately affecting population growth. Although Africa is the region of the world ha... Free Essays on Aids In Sfrica Free Essays on Aids In Sfrica AIDS in Africa As recently as 1990, there were some regions of the world that had remained relatively unscathed by AIDS. Today, however, there is not a single country around the world which has wholly escaped the AIDS epidemic. As the epidemic has matured, some of the developed nations which were hard hit by the epidemic in the 1980s such as the United States have reported a slowing in the rate of new infections and a stabilization among existing cases with lower mortality rates and an extension of post-diagnosis lifespan. However, despite the changing face of the global AIDS pandemic, one factor remains unchanged: no region of the world bears a higher AIDS-related burden than sub-Saharan Africa. This paper examines the demographic effects of AIDS in Africa, focusing on the hardest-hit countries of sub-Saharan Africa and considers the present and future impact of the AIDS epidemic on major demographic measures such as fertility, mortality, life expectancy, gender, age, and family structure. Althoug h the sub-Saharan region accounts for just 10% of the world’s population, 67% (22.5 million) of the 33.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 1998 were residents of one of the 34 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and of all AIDS deaths since the epidemic started, 83% have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (Gilks, 1999, p. 180). Among children under age 15 living with HIV/AIDS, 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa as do 95% of all AIDS orphans. In several of the 34 sub-Saharan nations, 1 out of every 4 adults is HIV-positive (UNAIDS, 1998, p. 1). Taxing low-income countries with health care systems inadequate to handle the burden of non-AIDS related illnesses, AIDS has devastated many of the sub-Saharan African economies. The impact of AIDS on the region is such that it is now affecting demographics - changing mortality and fertility rates, reducing lifespan, and ultimately affecting population growth. Although Africa is the region of the world ha...

How to Become More of a Morning Person

How to Become More of a Morning Person You hear a lot, especially around the new year, about early birds getting worms and how important it is to start your day off right with all these morning rituals. But what if your morning ritual is sleeping as late as possible, then snapping at everyone in your path until your triple shot of coffee kicks in? Here are a few strategies to train yourself to be a morning person.Get enough sleep.This is the number one most important factor to waking up fresh: getting enough sleep. Try to normalize your sleep routine. Start going to bed religiously at a certain time that leaves you sufficient sleep before your desired wake-up time. Be consistent. Try to sleep and wake up at the same time every day. If your desired schedule is really far from where you are now, start working back to it slowly, in 20 minute increments until you’re in the groove.Make waking up a gentle experience.Turn off that honking awful alarm and switch it to something more soothing and fun that makes you want to get out of bed. If you can,  leave your blinds open so you will get a flash of natural light to help jumpstart your body clock.Protect your time.Having enough time to do the things you need to do in a day and still take care of yourself can be difficult. Learn to say â€Å"no† to added activities and obligations. Slash an hour out of your day that’s just for you (to sleep!).Create your own rituals.Give yourself a bedtime ritual and follow it religiously. Turn off your electronics for at least an hour before turning in. Lay out your lunch and clothes and materials for the morning. Make your to-do list for the next day. Have a soothing cup of tea and get into a cozy robe. Make sure you have a nice sleeping area as well- new sheets never hurt at times like these!Reward yourself.Give yourself treats for accomplishing your early rise. Some ideas: set up all the elements to create your favorite breakfast, or save a podcast to listen to  while you’re in the shower. Maintain a healthy lifestyle.There’s no underestimating eating right and exercise in your new sleep pattern project. Exercise boosts energy- particularly when done in the early morning, and so does feeding your body the good things that it needs. Especially protein. You’ll be setting yourself up for all kinds of success- not just with your sleep schedule.Give yourself a reason.Keep your mind on why you’re trying to carve out this new habit. Eyes on the prize. Make it mean something to you and you’re more likely to stick with it.Try an app.If you need a little outside intervention, try an app like Better Me, or Sleep Cycle, or Wake n Shake.

Two Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two Events - Essay Example It acted as a wakeup call for USA to defend its citizens. The following paper looks at the above two events and how they have contributed to the current state of America. Attack on Pearl Harbor On 7th December 1941, the United States of America was intentionally and abruptly ambushed by the air and naval forces of the Japan Empire. The location of the bombing and sinking of American ships was the Pearl Harbor Naval and Army base in Oahu, Hawaii. The US eventually entered World War II due to this homeland assault (Takaki, 2008). I believe that the effects of Pearl Harbor were mostly positive for Americans. Even though the attack terrified the nation, it also united a nation that had been divided due to the war in Europe. After the attack, there were various drives launched such as scrapped iron drive, united paper drives and recycled items. These were used to make items vital for the war such as machine guns, flame throwers, binoculars, and hand grenades. Even the youngest were helpfu l as school children had coin drives in which they gathered coins to purchase war bonds to support the government (Dower, 2011). The second positive effect is that it assisted in ending the Great Depression which had started in 1929. It brought a great need for an industry that provides materials for war-times like ammunition, guns and uniforms for the troops. At the end of the war, citizens purchased all they could not during the war period. There was also a decrease in the rate of unemployment as ten million men and women joined the army while those left at home took jobs in factories. Another positive outcome was that as a resolution not to permit a repeat of World War II, the United Nations was born. The Senate that had declined to sanction the membership of America in the League of Nations following World War I, eventually irresistibly sanctioned US membership in the UN after World War II (Stone, & Kuznick, 2012). There however were some negative elements of the attack in that over 2000 citizens died and 21 ships were sank or damaged seriously. Japanese-American citizens were placed in relocation camps as a measure to ensure that there was no risk of a Japanese descendant acting as a spy for Japan (Takaki, 2008). They were forcefully evicted from their homes within 48 hours and lived in poor conditions. However, in 1988, congress gave a formal apology to the affected and gave the survivors compensations of $20,000 each (Stone, & Kuznick, 2012). After this gesture, America has now turned to be one of the most democratic nations in the world. Its citizens and government became more appreciative to human rights of foreigners and citizens. Conclusion It is clear that if we forget the past then we are bound to repeat its mistakes. The two attacks, even though devastating, shaped USA in their own capacities. They served to bring the nation together in times of crisis. We would not be the strong united superpower we are today without such occurrences. As a count ry, we should take precautionary measures in future and also arrest perpetrators of such attacks while still maintaining socially correct honor to the opinions and rights of mankind. It is right for us as a country to defend ourselves against future attacks but we should do so without destroying our civil rights and values as we do. References Didion, J. (2003). Fixed Ideas: America Since 9.11. New York: New York Review Books. Dower, J. W. (2011). Cultures of War: Pearl Harbor / Hiroshima / 9-11 /

Assault Weapons in America Issue Research Paper

Assault Weapons in America Issue - Research Paper Example The research and study on this issue will help in the understanding of the meaning of assault weapons and their features, and the connection to human assault and killings in the United States of America. The research is also important in exploring the measures taken by the American federal government in countering the use of assault rifles, in addition to public opinion and support on the same. The research also objects at exploring the set up legislations for prohibition of importation, ownership, transportation and use of assault weapons. There is also an exploration of the most affected states in America, and their respective state bans on assault rifles. The history of assault rifles in the United States is also a core objective of this research study to provide extra information about assault rifles for a better understanding.On 13th September, 1994, the American Congress adopted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 that prohibited the manufacturing, transpo rtation or possession of assault weapons. This Act was an amendment of the Gun Control Act of 1968. Though this Act was critical in controlling the manufacture, possession and use of assault weapons, there were specifics of firearms, shotguns and pistols that had at least two specified features (United States, 2009). These specifications created a large loophole for the manufacturers to circumvent the law by modifying the already produced weapons, since the Act applied only to weapons manufactured. after the enactment (Gaines & Kappeler, 2011). This created a loophole for manufacturers to circumvent the law through modifications, and continued transportation of

Reconstituting Local Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Reconstituting Local Manufacturing Essay Is it possible to reconstitute local manufacturing and local food markets, or has Globalization ultimately made this impossible? The global economy and marketplace have impacted local industry and local manufacturing harshly. With consumers having choices from international companies able to import their products, a common market pool for the whole world, it has become more difficult for the local merchants to thrive. Also, many Western companies have established themselves in developing countries, such as McDonalds and Starbucks, with over 31,000 and 18,000 locations operating worldwide respectively. While the influx of multi national corporations has created economic opportunities for many in the communities that they operate within. However, with this prosperity has come the evaporation of local industries. What are some of the factors that could help or inhibit the reconstitution of local manufacturing and local food markets. One enormous problem could be the price of doing business and the amount of capital it takes to operate in these markets. These international companies have vast reserves of capital to fund their operations in various countries, even buying up local enterprises to reduce their competition. These corporations also spend an enormous amount of cash on advertising. Thus they are able to extend their brand recognition into their new destinations. This is the formula that has also worked well in American cities. Companies are able to buy out their competition with less expensive production costs or less overhead. These companies can operate on a smaller margin than the local merchants, who do not have the benefit of mass produced overseas inventory. (Kantor, 2002). On a political scale, globalization has had an effect on the policies put into place by local entities that have an impact on the local manufacturing and food market. Through the increased surge in international competition, national policies that are aimed at preserving the structure of local communities and upholding social equality have dwindled and been phased out. Looking to nurture economic growth, many local governments invite foreign investments (Held McGrew, 2012). While these foreign investors infuse  currency into the local economies, the toll they take on the local markets, may not be worth the tradeoff. Could the local governments be taking or mismanaging the funds? Perhaps the cash infusion could be put to better use to help stabilize or revitalize the local manufacturing and markets. The case could also be made that the concessions that the local governments make to entice international companies into their country make it difficult for or at the least do not address the local manufacturing companies and their concerns. Because of the problems caused for the local manufacturing and food markets, wages and income for the local population also suffers, which influences their purchasing power. This creates a circular effect because without purchasing power the local community cannot support more local manufacturing. This is certainly a way in which globalization has hindered local manufacturing and will make it difficult to reconstitute it in the future. Some of the ideals championed by those who favor globalization will naturally work against the reconstitution of local manufacturing and food markets. For example, the principle of economic advantage commonly referred to as the iron law, demands that the best of the countries that initiate competitive strategies is deemed to outdo other competitors from the market. Put simply, if a particular foreign country grows a particular local product more efficiently, then there would be no need to grow the product locally (Davis, 2012). This would force the importation of the product from a foreign country which would obviously hamper the ability of local establishments to be able to compete in that market. In fact, some experts think that because of globalization, in the future all food consumed in America will be imported from elsewhere. It has become financially beneficial to import food instead of growing it locally. This change in economic patterns in response to globalization has hampered the growth of the local industry (Obstfeld, 2000). And functioning in this way will certainly hamper the local manufacturing and food markets to be reestablished and flourish. Another factor of globalization that is well documented is that of outsourcing jobs to developing countries with a cheaper labor force. Much of  this outsourcing has come in the manufacturing sector with many American workers losing their jobs to countries such as China and India. This outsourcing has a great negative impact on the local industry as it deprives it of a reliable workforce (Kantor, 2012). Without stemming the flow of such work overseas, it would make it very difficult to reconstitute the local manufacturing. For those countries that receive these workers however, there is an enormous benefit to their manufacturing sector. The influx of capital from foreign companies investing in their country and the employment opportunities they provide for the workforce give a boost to the local economy. With continued investments coming in and plenty of jobs for their workforce, globalization has actually strengthened the local manufacturing of many foreign countries. Thom Hartman makes some interesting points in his Huffington Post article. Mr. Hartman describes how globalization is destroying the United States’ wealth through multinational corporations transferring all of their manufacturing overseas. He points out that in the late 1940’s and 1950’s manufacturing accounted for 28 percent of the United States total gross domestic product. Even during the Reagan administration is was at 20 percent. However, today it is about ten percent of our GDP (Hartmann, 2010). By shipping so much of our manufacturing overseas, the US is no longer self sufficient and able to create much wealth. By not generating wealth, but rather spending it on all of the foreign manufactured goods, there has been a slow degrading of the nation’s middle class. Of course, we as consumers love the idea of paying less for our goods, but it has to be realized that it comes at a cost. Many companies have cut jobs or reduced salaries, so those â€Å"cheap† goods are not such a bargain anymore. For this trend to stop and be reversed, nations such as the United States must rebuild their manufacturing base and become locally self-sufficient again (Hartmann, 2010). The idea would be for the country’s consumers to buy products manufactured by their own workers. While no answers or even ideas for reversing the problem globalization has caused were offered, it paints a clear picture that something needs to be done quickly. References Kantor Paul, (2002). Cities in the International Marketplace: The Political Economy of Urban Development in North America and Western Europe. Princeton University Press Hartmann, Thom, (2010). Globalization Is Killing The Globe: Return to Local Economies. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thom-hartmann/globalization-is-killing_b_454091.html Held, D. McGrew, A. (2012) Globalization Theory: Approaches and Controversies. (2012), Cambridge. Davis, C. L.(2012). Why Adjudicate? Enforcing Trade Rules in the WTO. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Retrieved January 30, 2015, from Project MUSE database. Obstfeld, Maurice (2000). The Global Capital Market: Benefactor or Menace? The Journal of Economic Perspectives , Vol. 12, No. 4., pp. 9-30.

Early Christianity :: essays research papers

Christianity is now in our modern world one of the five major religions. The other major religions include Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism from which Christianity descended. Christianity was practiced before Christ, During his life, and after his life. After Christ ¹s life Christianity spread to become a main world religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 63 B.C. Roman power spread to Judea, the Jewish homeland. At the time King Herod was the ruler of Judea, he accepted Roman rule and angered many Jews by doing so. After the death of Herod many Jews revolted against Roman rule for 10 years. At this time there were two main factions of Jews, one group, the Zealots wanted to rid Judea of Roman influence. The other group was waiting for a messiah as scripture had prophetized. The Messiah, or Savior would restore the kingdom to the Jews.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jesus is said to have been born around 4-6 BC. When Jesus was 30 he began his ministry. Many of the reasons that his religion succeeded were that it treated everyone equally promised eternal life and was centered on on your personal relationship with God. Jesus ¹ teachings included love for God, neighbors, enemies and yourself. The ten commandments and the basic foundation of Judaism was included in his teachings as Jesus was born a Jew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jesus had 12 disciples, disciple means follower or pupil, even long after the death of Jesus these disciples would continue teaching about Jesus. The first four books of the bible were written by the Disciple these books are called apostles they are as follows Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Jesus became famous, because he appealed to the rich and poor alike, he had few or no possessions and he traveled all over what was then considered to be the world. Jesus attracted attention from both Jewish and Roman leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Jesus visited Jerusalem around 29 AD, he found enthusiastic crowds greeting him as the messiah. However he was arrested for not worshiping pagan Roman gods and was sentenced to death on a cross. While he was hanging awaiting death he forgave those who had killed him and those who had worshipped him the day before were denying him. After his crucifixion he was placed in a tomb, on the third day he rose, and greeted his followers, further convincing them that he was the messiah.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul was originally a Jew by the name of Saul, who persecuted Christians.

Freudian approaches to Tennessee Williams’ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay

I will discuss how Freudian theory ties in with the issues featuring in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Sigmund Freud the founder of psychoanalysis came up with a theory of the unconscious mind, he identified that sexual desires are the primary motivational energy of human life. William shows this in play by Margaret’s sexual desires for Brick keeps her energy up and gets her to keep trying to get Brick’s affection. Big Daddy and Big Mama have fears and anxieties about Margaret and Bricks lack of children, and so does Margaret herself because she wants a share of the plantation. However this does not worry Mae and Gooper who are more than happy that they are prime candidates to become the owner of the plantation, Mae especially enjoy sneer at the fact that Margaret is childless â€Å"Mae: she’s childless because that big beautiful athlete of hers won’t go to bed with her† (97). The family especially Big Daddy and Maggie have doubts about Brick’s sexuality and try to confront him about it. Brick: â€Å"You think that me and Skipper were a pair of dirty old men?† (pg 77). Symbolism definitely shown in ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof’, Bricks crutch can symbolise that he needs support, â€Å"Brick: no just give me my crutch† (27). The crutch can be seen as symbol that Brick is weak without skipper hence needs support. But it can also represent the fact that Brick has lost his masculinity ‘Brick: I’m getting softer Maggie’ (pg 31) and the crutch is his masculinity hence why he cannot go anywhere without it. The alcohol symbolises that Brick is trying to escape reality by making himself unconscious or in his words the ‘click’ which he says to be when he is peaceful with himself. However the excessive drinking by Brick can also mean that Brick cannot cope without Skipper. Repression of homosexuality in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ties in with Sigmund Freud ideology, as Brick represses his feeling towards Skipper Brick: â€Å"I had friendship with Skipper – you are naming it dirty!† (pg 42).Repression is a defence mechanism and there are two stages, firstly the desires are pushed out from conscious into unconscious but this does not work for Brick as his feeling still surface. So the second line of defence is started this is where Brick is at in the book. Williams shows Brick as being reluctant to come out about his sexuality because he is brought up in an upper class family. One type of second line defence is overcompensation which is when a weakness is covered up by overcompensating on something else, in Bricks case is excessive sport. Then comes projection which is when you blame someone else; Brick blames â€Å"Maggie(79)† because she got â€Å"the idea (79)† that Brick and Skipper relationship was abnormal and that one reason why Skipper committed suicide. Then comes denial when protecting you from unpleasant reality which is seen in Brick as he tries to deny the truth when Big Daddy talks about it. Brick â€Å"YOU THINK SO TOO? You think me an skipper did sodomy†(77). Brick tries to justify it was Maggie who put dirty things into Skipper minding doubting himself about his sexuality, Brick trying to repress any arguments down to Margaret being jealous. Brick comes from an upper-class family who are highly respected from other people. The time when the story was set (1955) was a time when homosexuals were looked down upon and brought shame to their family. Brick is from a rich family, so he hides his sexuality so not to embarrass himself or his family, and marries Maggie to show that he is a man and tries to show his masculinity by being an athlete. Death features massively in the play, especially for Big Daddy who has cancer yet has been lied to by the family saying that he has a spastic colon. Big Daddy is also in denial because he himself knows everything is not alright because of the pain yet is putting a front on. Big Daddy and Big Mama have been told that he does not have cancer when he does and the only people that know are Mae and Gooper and Brick and Maggie. Big Mama is told her husband still has cancer later, but she says â€Å"it’s all a mistake† (93). Skipper is dead which makes Brick angry and blames his wife for the death. Margaret say is begging for Brick attention when she says â€Å"Skipper is dead! I am alive!†, but Brick does not want to believe that Skipper is dead â€Å"I tried to kill your Aunt Maggie, but I failed.† Brick definitely does not love Maggie and is shown in different way for example[She kisses Brick on the mouth which he immediately wipes with the back of his hand, (55pg).Bricks sexual desire keep surfacing no matter how much he is trying to suppress, so he tries to get his manhood back by jumping hurdles at the school athletic field but ends up fracturing his ankle. It shows that Brick is weak and helpless without Skipper. But also can be also interpreted to show Freud theory of sexual desires becomes energy for human life. Freud theory can relate to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof because unconscious and sexual desire relate to the character Brick who is trying to suppress his abnormal feeling from conscious to unconscious. In addition there is fear of death by Big Daddy and there are sexual desires.

The Jesuit Legacy in India

The Jesuit Legacy in India Abstract: The Jesuits arrived in India in 1542 A. D. to carry out Christ’s command to â€Å"go and make disciples of all nations† (Matthew 28:19). Over the last 500 years, they have woven themselves into the very fabric of India with deep psychological, theological and sociological connotations. This article tells that story; highlights some noteworthy Jesuit influences on Modern India, particularly in the fields of education, medicine, social service and leadership training amongst the youth; and, draws leadership lessons from these Jesuit achievements.The Jesuits demonstrated servant leadership, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership qualities. Without the Jesuits, the article concludes, India would be a different country. The Jesuit Legacy in India Ad majorem Dei gloriam. For the greater glory of God. That’s the motto of a religious order of men called the Society of Jesus that has quietly influenced India, and pro vided understated leadership to the world’s largest democracy in many positive ways deserving of recognition.The influence of the Jesuits in India extends beyond just the spread of Christianity, weaving intricate psychological, theological and sociological patterns into the very fabric of modern Indian society. Professor George Menachery – appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as member of the Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great in early 2008, and editor of the St.Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India and the Indian Church History Classics – writes in Volume III of the former publication: the â€Å"factor which has won the Society a lasting place in the minds of the people and in the history of the nation is the large number of spheres which it has penetrated and permeated,† and goes on to list religion, spirituality, politics, education, science, technology, meteorology, diplomacy, indology, culture, history, geography, language, literature, a rt, architecture, sports, medicine, healthcare, social reforms, leadership formation, tribal and aboriginal movements, and nation-building as some of the contributions of the Jesuits to modern India. Brief History The organization was founded in 1534 by St. Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556), and received papal authorization in 1540 under Pope Paul III. Amongst the original six members was St. Francis Xavier, who was an ardent missionary with the passion to take Christ’s message to the East. He arrived in India in 1542, almost fifteen centuries after St. Thomas the Apostle had brought Christianity to India.With the arrival of Xavier, began a saga of leadership by the Society of Jesus in India that continues to this day, almost 500 years later. Pre-British India The expanding influence on the Jesuits on 17th century pre-British India has been well documented by historians, among them Ellison Banks Findly, who writes in Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India (Oxford University Pres s) that Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1569-1627) granted the Jesuits many privileges, and spent â€Å"every night for one year†¦ in hearing disputation† amongst Christian and other theologians, and that his â€Å"most active interest in Christian doctrine was in the debates held at his court between the Jesuit fathers and the Muslim mullas. In fact, the Jesuit Mission of the Great Moghul was started at the request of Emperor Akbar, with Father Rudolph Acquaviva, the future Martyr, as its first Superior.The Jesuit Mission in Madura in the south was also begun at the request of the Hindu viceroy (nayakka) established in Madura, and later supported by Zulfikar Ali Khan (1690-1703), the first Nawab of the Carnatic. The Madura Mission counted among its members the celebrated Father Robert de Nobili, as well as Saint John de Britto. British India With the onset of British rule over India that effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey, the Jesuits found greater favor wi th the erstwhile powers. They began exerting increasing influence not only on the Christians in India, but also on the society at large.Even the Maharajas – whom the British allowed to reign as long as they paid their due taxes to the Crown – and their war councils and civil administrations, were positively influenced by the Jesuits, right from Goa to Cochin to Cape Comorin to Manapad to Mannar to Mylapore. Independent India By the time the British Empire was overthrown and independent India emerged in 1947, the Jesuits had entrenched themselves deeply into Indian society by way of leading and high-profile educational institutions, hospitals, charity organizations and other enterprises that became effective partners of the government in the young democracy in supporting growth.Professor George Menachery writes in The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India (Vol. III 2010): â€Å"the ubiquitous nature of the Society has through its varied missions become one of the most powerful influences in Indian history. Today there is hardly any Catholic ecclesiastical division in India or any revenue district in the country for that matter which does not boast some Jesuit enterprise or other, be it a school or a college, a technical training institute or an engineering establishment, a printing press or an infirmary, a seminary or a social service centre. † Psychological Influence on India Discipline positively impacted the Indian psycheThe Jesuit movement gathered force right in the middle of the Catholic revival called the Counter-Reformation that began with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) as a response to the Protestant Reformation, and ended with the Thirty Years’ War in 1648. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) led the Council of Trent, and tasked the attending cardinals with institutional reform to impact ecclesiastical (or structural) reconfiguration, religious orders, spiritual movements and political dimensions of the Catholic Church. New religious orders – such as the Jesuits, Capuchins, Ursulines, Theatines, Discalced Carmelites, and the Barnabites – were a fundamental part of this movement, and Jesuits in particular, greatly bolstered rural parishes, enhanced popular piety, succeeded in constraining corruption within the church, and played an exemplary role in overall Catholic renewal.These activities extended well into India. The Jesuit charter established by St. Ignatius Loyola was dictatorial and military-like (possibly emanating from the fact that Ignatius was a soldier before he became a priest); and, this iron discipline, rigid training and resolute character of the Jesuits created a deep psychological impact on the Indian psyche. Rev. Fr. Jerome Francis, a current Jesuit missionary in the Calcutta Province, opines that this perception of extreme discipline sat well with the general Indian populace and the rulers, and consequently boded well for the next phase of Jesuit growth in the count ry. Helped prevent Mysticism amongst Indian ChristiansAn example of rigid and inflexible discipline can be discerned in regulations such as Rule-13 of the Jesuit Charter that said: â€Å"I will believe that the white that I see is black if the hierarchical Church so defines it† (Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State by Harro Hopfl, Cambridge University Press, 2004). Ursula King writes in Christian Mystics: The Spiritual Heart of the Christian Tradition (Simon & Schuster, 1998) that such rigid principles helped prevent the spread of mysticism amongst Christians in India, even while mysticism ran high in parts of Europe during the Catholic revival, with leaders like Teresa of Avila (1515-82) and John of the Cross (1542-91). The spread of mysticism made the institutional Church especially nervous because, carried to its logical conclusion, mysticism negates the need for priesthood and the sacraments.Since one of the central tenets of Hinduism is a formless God (â€Å"Thou art formless; thy only form is our knowledge of thee† – Upanishads), Christians exposed to Hindu thought were especially prone mysticism, as has been proven over and over again by later-day Christian mystics like Father Bede Griffiths (1906-1993) and Henry le Saux (1910-1973). Closer psychological integration with Hindu society The Jesuits also introduced to India the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius, which was endorsed by Pope Paul III in 1548, and exemplified the Society of Jesus in the way these exercises helped the Jesuits understand human relationship with God, and live a life of commitment to Christ. The Exercises were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be carried out typically over a four week period, aimed at helping individuals discern Jesus in their lives and commit to a life of service to Christ.This rigid Jesuit tradition has been compared with devotionalism, and provided close parallels to Hindu ritualistic tradi tions, and helped psychologically in the closer integration of the Jesuits into Hindu society. Theological Influence Setting up of Seminaries Jesuits believed in establishing seminaries for the proper training of priests in the spiritual life and the theological traditions of the Church. Consequently, they set up several seminaries in India to dispense theological knowledge. Styled after the successful seminary of the Malankara Orthodox Church that was founded by St. Thomas, the Apostle in A. D. 52, and the Rachol Seminary founded in 1521 by the Church of Goa, the earliest Jesuit seminary was the St.Joseph's Inter-diocesan Seminary, Mangalore established in 1763; followed by St. Joseph’s Seminary started in West Bengal in 1879; and, the Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier founded in 1887 in Pilar. Today there are at least 22 Jesuit seminaries, many of them degree granting institutions authorized by the Vatican and the government of India. The foremost example of Jesuit theological excellence is the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi that currently enrolls hundreds of students coming from some 70 religious congregations, dioceses, secular institutes and lay associations from every part of India and abroad. Setting up of ChurchesOne of the earliest Jesuit churches was established by St. Francis Xavier himself in Tuticorin. Originally called the Jesuit Church of Saint Paul, its status was raised to that of a Basilica by Pope Paul II to mark its 400th anniversary, and is now known as the Basilica of Our Lady of the Snows, Tuticorin. St. Paul’s Churchaty in Diu on the west coast of India dates back to 1610. In all, there are over 110 Jesuit Churches in India, and these churches have always integrated well with Indian society in general, and with people from other faiths, in particular. To cite one example of this integration: During midnight mass on Christmas Eve in St.Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta, the rush of Hindus is so he avy that the Church installs a loudspeaker system in the large gardens surrounding the Church, so that hundreds of Hindus who could not gain entry into the Cathedral, can sit and listen to the rituals. Evangelism Jesus commanded his eleven disciples to: â€Å"†¦ go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. † – Matthew 28:19,20 NIV. The Jesuits had evangelism as one of their stated goals, and their efforts first spread Christianity along the western â€Å"Konkan† coast of India. The Jesuits then spread both southwards (towards Madura) and northwards (towards Agra), continually converting Hindus and Muslims to Christianity. Rev. H. Hosten, S. J. writes in Jesuit Missionaries in Northern India and Inscriptions on their Tombs (1580-1803): â€Å"Under (Mughal Emperor) Jah angir†¦ several Mohamedan Princes were baptized†, among them â€Å"Currown, another of Jahangir's sons, and other of his friends (to make his way easier to the Crown) prevailed with Jahangir that his kinsmen Shaw Selym's Brother's Sons might be Christened; which accordingly was done in Agra†¦ that year they also baptized another Grandson of Akbar's. † Until the Protestant Missionaries came to India in the 18th century, the Jesuits were the prime force of evangelism in India. Typical and often quoted, but not unique, proactive initiative to reach out to the Indian masses is practiced today by the Indian Theological Seminary (ITS).Founded by the Jesuits, ITS is now an interdenominational seminary located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, with Gilgal Gospel Mission as its missionary training arm. The Gilgal Gospel Mission trains men and women, and sends them out into the world at large in pairs, into Hindu villages, with a view to them establishing friendship in the villag es, and starting, first, Sunday Schools and, later, Churches. ITS prepares three types of Church planters (a) bare foot evangelists (C. Th), (b) Bachelor of Theology (B. Th), and (c) Master of Divinity (M. Div). Graduates who prepare at ITS fulfill its mission of â€Å"Preaching Christ and Planting Churches† in every village, town and city.Many return to their homes in the various parts of India to continue teaching, preaching, and planting churches. Today, Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers, constituting 2. 3% of India's population. The popularization of Annual Retreats amongst Priests and the Populace As noted earlier, the Jesuits avidly pursued the implementation of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius that were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be practiced in the form of a four week meditative retreat from normal life. The basic purpose of these retreats was to mediate the human-God relation ship; and, periodically re-examine and re-validate the nuances of that relationship.Such annual retreats became popular in India not only amongst the Jesuit priests, but even amongst priests from other faiths. The concept of retreats spread to the corporate world too, and Sunanda Dutta-Ray writing in The Statesman dated January 26, 2006, mention three instances where Chief Executive Officers of large Indian corporations – all Jesuit alumni – instituted the concept of a 3-day annual retreat modeled after their experience in school. Sociological Influence The largest visible Jesuit influence on India has been the wide and deep sociological impact – in terms of the development of the Indian people and societies – that is discernible everywhere.Jesuit Education With over 30 excellent high schools, over 10 high profile colleges for higher education, and innumerable elementary schools and vocational training centers all over India, Jesuit education is much soug ht after in the country. The foremost examples of Jesuit higher education are the Vellore Medical College and Hospital, one of India’s foremost teaching hospitals, Xavier Labor Relations Institute, one of India’s foremost business schools. Even St. Xavier’s College in Calcutta has produced many industry leaders, the foremost amongst them is Lakshmi Mittal, whose company – ArcelorMittal – is today the world’s largest steel producer.Loyola College in Chennai has similarly produced many leaders for the country, even a President (Ramaswamy Venkataraman) and a world chess champion (Viswanathan Anand). Most of these educational institutions date back to the earlier part of the 20th century, if not earlier still, and played a vigorous role in nation-building when India became independent. Former President of India, Abdul Kalam, lauded the Jesuits’ role in India education, while opening the 6th global meet of Jesuit institutions in Calcutta: â€Å"†Jesuit institutions have a big role in the spread of modern education in the country. Being a Jesuit alumnus myself, I'm aware of the great contribution of Jesuit education not only in India but around the world† (as reported by Krittivas Mukherjee for Indo-Asian News Service).Not content to be restricted to India alone, Jesuits from Calcutta recently gave education in Afghanistan a boost, when two of them – Maria Joseph and Sahaya Jude – recently travelled to the war-torn country and started training students and teachers (as reported in the The Telegraph, Jan 4, 2010). It should be mentioned in passing that all Jesuit education in India is completely secular. Catholic students are given additional training in Catechism, but students of other faiths are usually treated to a secular Moral Science lecture, or – at most – a watered down Bible History. Jesuit Social Work Jesuits have deeply been involved in social work and social reform.W hole books can be written on this subject alone, because these engagements have been – and continue to be – so numerous and so vigorous. Caritas India has been at the forefront of traditional social work, as the front organization for Catholic Charities, with thousands of people and hundreds of project sites spanning all across the country. It is only one of the more visible ones; in general, almost every Jesuit organization practices social work in its immediate vicinity, and engages the students of all its nationwide institutions in social activities. For instance, the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi has very active prison ministry, hospital ministry, slum ministry, tribal ministry, neighborhood ministry, and even a railway platform ministry.Many Jesuits ventured out into the villages and made a mark with their social activism. Just one such example is Father Michael Anthony Windey (1921-2009), founder of the Village Reconstruction Organization (VRO), who joi ned the Jesuits in 1938, traveled to India in 1946 and was ordained a priest in 1950. When he passed away in Belgium in 2009 while under treatment for cancer, he was mourned by the Church, social workers and villagers in India, because he had dedicated his life to using Gandhian methods to revolutionize village life in India. Said Father A. X. J. Bosco, a former head of the Jesuits? Andhra Pradesh province who has worked as VRO? operational director: â€Å"Father Windey was never bothered about the religion of the person he helped. While selecting villages, he always chose to help the poorest village. † Social Activism The involvement of the Jesuits extended to social activism, sometimes of a kind even questioned by the Vatican. Rone Tempest, staff writer, reported in the L. A. Times, Jan 21, 1986, on the Pope’s visit to India: â€Å"Significantly, the Pope will not visit the northern Bihar Muzafapur area, where radical Catholic priests have recently organized Hindu s erfs against powerful landlords, some of whom even maintain their own armies for private wars against their foes and bands of roving bandits, or dacoits.Similarly, when he visits the Catholic stronghold state of Kerala in southern India, he has no plans to visit areas in which radical priests and nuns, India's version of South America's â€Å"liberation theologists,† have organized sailboat fishermen, mostly Hindus and Muslims, against the motorized fishing trawler industry. † Leadership Training Service (LTS) LTS – short for Leadership Training Service – is a unique contribution by the Jesuits to Indian society. Initiated by five students of the Goethals Memorial School in Kurseong, West Bengal in 1959, Fr. Robert Wirth of St. Xavier’s School, Sahibganj, Bihar, was selected to lead the movement in 1970. Fr. Wirth did just that for the next 21 years from the LTS headquarter in Calcutta, and spread the movement to Jesuit educational institutes in 24 States. The LTS motto is: â€Å"For God and Country†, and resonated strongly with a developing India.The LTS vision involves the four-fold objectives of: (a) Personality Development; (b) Leadership Skills; (c) Social Awareness; and, Social Responsibility that leads to social development. The movement articulates this as â€Å"a journey from ‘I Consciousness’ (initiated through Personality development and mastering leadership skills) to ‘We Consciousness’ (achieved through inculcating social awareness and exercising social responsibility that leads to social development)† (as stated on its website: www. LTSworld. com). The LTS celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2009, and brought Fr. Robert Wirth – who collaborated in the writing of this paper – all the way from Malta to the LTS headquarters in Calcutta.Today there are reportedly over 15,000 LTSers working towards India’s progress. Leadership Lessons from the Jesuits Consisten t and long-term success is never a result of accident or luck. The Jesuits have demonstrated strong leadership qualities throughout their 500 year history in India. Servant Leadership The Jesuits, through their disciplined and exemplary behavior, became role models for the Indian populace who observed them, interacted with them, and learned from them. Influencing through exemplary behavior is a fundamental tenet of servant leadership. The Jesuits also extensively and deeply served the people whose lives they touched, through social work, educational institutions, hospitals and other missions.This service was, and continues to be, in the best tradition of servitude demonstrated by Christ. Transformation Leadership Mark Pousson, Program Director for Service Learning at The Reinert Center for Teaching Excellence at the St. Louis University writes in The Notebook, a publication of the Reinert Center: â€Å"Historically, the Jesuits espouse the power of transformation through conversati on,† (Vol 11, Issue 4), and goes on to say that Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, readily engaged people in conversation about God and spirituality. It is from his value of transformation through experiences that Saint Ignatius companions infused transformation in what is known as the Jesuit tradition of education.Jesuits heavily utilized this power of transformation through pedagogy and education in India, and – as earlier stated in this article – has left an indelible mark on the Indian education landscape. The Jesuits also practiced transformational leadership by inspiring Indians to strive for something better than they were used to, to push the limit, and to aim for excellence. Evidence of this is plentiful, but particular note may be taken of the Jesuit’s LTS (Leadership Training Service) initiative described earlier, which was a totally new concept in India when it was started in 1959, and continues to inspire and build the current g eneration of young leaders in the 21st century. In fact, the LTS movement resonates strongly with one of the fundamentals goal of transformation leadership: the make leaders out of followers.The Annual Retreats that the Jesuits taught the Indians and popularized amongst people of faith as well as the corporate world, was another instance where people were inspired and motivated to implement and practice innovative leadership solutions for everyday problems. Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership was commonly practiced by the Jesuits. A very common example was the exchange of better medical care for conversion to Christianity. It was a subtle but effective message. When the Jesuits set up modern medical care facilities in rural India – especially in the Tribal areas where people were not even Hindus, but practiced some form of pantheism – it is widely believed that it was not so much the preaching as the access to modern medical care that converted lots of tr ibal people to Christianity. Social Learning TheoryJesuit social activism, social work and its military-like discipline – all widely admired by the Hindus of India – triggered the positive effects of the Social Learning Theory, which argues that people learn best through a 3-step emulation process defined as: (a) observation, (b) imitation, and (c) modeling. When people like behavior they would like to emulate, they are motivated to do so on their own without having to be compelled in some covert or overt manner to oblige. Social Learning Theory, therefore, has feeds into the Servant Leadership theory, because servant leaders aim to influence followers through exemplary action and self-motivated emulation. The Jesuits in India put both servant leadership and social learning theories to good use. Epilogue In closing, a short acknowledgment says it all: Without the Jesuits, India would be a different country.